The general interest in Dr. Jiang’s laboratory is to elucidate the structures and mechanisms of important membrane proteins associated with membrane transport. Membranes divide cells into compartments that are specialized for different functions; thus it is vital for cells to transport substances across the membranes. Membrane transport, a collection of transport of diverse molecules, is mostly carried out by membrane proteins in a tightly regulated way. Dysfunctions associated with membrane transport may lead to adverse effects or disease. The Jiang lab is particularly interested in two questions concerning membrane transport. (1) How do membrane proteins (channels or transporters) select their substrate molecules or ions? This substrate selection is usually highly specific. Some channels or transporters can select a broad spectrum of substrates, i.e. are poly-specific. (2) How are substrates delivered across the channels or transporters? The mechanisms of permeation and gating of some ion channels have been extensively studied. However, little is known about the mechanisms of transporters and permeation of complex molecules or ions.

The lab uses cryo electron microscopy (cryoEM) as a primary tool to study the structures of membrane proteins. CryoEM has recently become an indispensable approach for structural biology because of its power of solving high-resolution structures of macromolecules without the need of crystallization.

The target membrane proteins the lab is working on are small, fully embedded in the lipid membrane without a large extramembrane domain, and/or dynamic. These characteristics pose lots of technical challenges on cryoEM study. Most of the membrane protein structures solved by cryoEM up to date have at least a relatively large extramembrane domain that may assist in particle alignment for cryoEM single particle reconstruction. So another goal of the Jiang lab is to push the technical limit of cryoEM and demonstrate the feasibility of performing cryoEM studies on small and challenging membrane proteins.

https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/node/86133